Ocean wave renewable energy is a promising source of clean and sustainable power that exploits the energy carried by ocean surface waves. Due to its high energy density and predictability, wave energy has the potential to contribute significantly to future low-carbon energy systems. Research activities in this field focus on the development and optimization of Wave Energy Converters (WECs), devices that transform wave motion into electricity. Key topics include hydrodynamic modeling, power take-off systems, structural integrity, survivability in extreme sea conditions, and control strategies to maximize energy capture. Experimental investigations in wave basins are combined with numerical simulations and offshore testing to evaluate device performance and validate design methodologies. Current research also addresses environmental impacts, economic feasibility, and the integration of wave energy with other offshore renewable technologies, such as wind and solar power. These efforts aim to improve efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, supporting the commercialization of wave energy and its contribution to a sustainable energy future

Giovanni Besio, Francesco De Leo, Gael Anastas